An Ethnographic Study of Well- being of Dinka Refugee Women

An Ethnographic psychoanalyse of Well- being of Dinka Refugee WomenQualitative CritiqueArticle genius Well-being of Dinka Refugee Women of Southern SudanSalima ShamsIntroduction This paper would critique qualitative word title Well- Being of Dinka Refugee Women of Southern Sudan (Baird Boyle, 2012). Primary author of the schooling Baird is professionally an ARNP/CNS (Advance Registered Nurse Pr sueer/ Clinical Nurse Specialist), and also CTN Certified transcultural Nurse. Second investigator is also a nurse and has done miles per hour following her RN and both of the investigators had owned PhD degree. The major strength of the schooling is that searchers acquire evaluated cultural themes in their flying field of the cultural sharing group. harmonize to (Le Compte, Millroy, Preissle, 1992 cited by Creswell 2007) themes may include such(prenominal) topics as enculturation, socialization, learning, cognition, domination, inequality, or minor and adult development (p.71). Mo reover, they call for interconnected these themes with participant welfargon therefore, it has held my engagement into it. Moreover, language of the oblige is easy to follow. The major area of improvement is that at many instances, I opinion name lacks clarity and factual accuracy.The difficulty Research problem seems significant to nursing as it is concern with singles (refugee) health and well- being. Moreover, significance of the problem to nursing has also been mentioned by inquiryers. Authors consider mentioned try participants, and write up questions. Purpose of the correction is also stated by the authors solely they harbourt mentioned key memorise variable well-being in it (Polit Beck, 2012). Problem statement of the get word has been progressively developed finished bring out (problem identification/ introduction, Background, scope and consequences of the problem, knowledge gap, and proposed solution). The values of relegate ponder were stated all th e government agency that is it will help in improving current nursing bores offered to refugee women ( literary works critique section, para. 6). Authors harbort mentioned any limitations of their study in the article. General assumptions of the abstractive framework have been utilize in the current study. Moreover, philosophical assumptions of qualitative and ethnographic research can good be viewed in the article (Polit Beck, 2012). However, at few instances I have to infer such as whether phenomena has been viewed holistically or not.Review of the Literature Literature has been comprehensively reviewed, synthesized well and logically presented by the researchers. The authors have summarized studies that address phenomena of well-being in refugee women. However, it would have been better, if march on empirical literature specific to African refugee women would have been added. Authors have determine knowledge gap in the literature (Literature Review section, para.6). Moreover, majority of literature shared out in the article was paraphrased and taken from primary sources. With that, majority of literature in literature review section except one, is recent that is inwardly 10 years time when current study would have been started. notional work has also been include by researcher in the article. However, theoretical work should have been further expanded for example, conceptual definition of well-being should have been added. Additionally, another question could also be generated from literature review, such as, evaluation of the study participants social factors (Literature Review section, Para. 5) that hinder in refugee women move and on their well-being. a priori/ Conceptual Framework Middle range surmisal of transitions has been employ as a theoretical guide for the current study (refer to appendix A and B) just now no conceptual framework has been illustrated in the article. Qualitative studies utilize framework to create boundaries f or the study, and framework helps in literature review, selective information appeal, analysis and presentation of findings (Ryan, Coughian, Cronin, 2007). Though, framework has not been adequately utilized and described by authors in their research. For example, they have not integrated configuration and properties mentioned in the physical model in their study. Moreover, they have only talked about three type of transition in present study (developmental, situational and health- illness) but have not talked about organizational transition in present study. Justification has been provided for the use of specific theoretical framework Three types of various(prenominal) transitions. as well as after their settlement (Baird Boyle, 2012, pp.15-16). Furthermore, it is evident from the research article that the framework has guided researcher in identification of study population, main themes for selective information analysis and presentation of findings (Ryan, Coughian, Cronin, 2007).Population and Sampling Authors have clearly defined target population refugee women . asylum to the United States (Purpose of study section, p.14). Although it is one of the qualitative study design (ethnography) in which researcher describes and interprets shared and learned patterns of values, behaviors, belief and language of culture sharing group (Creswell, 2007, p. 68) and take is not the generalizability but to fully identify the pattern. So, adequate entropy collection is an important factor, in present study there were 10 study participants. According to Creswell (2007) An ethnographer is interested in examining theses shared patterns and the unit of analysis is large than the 20 or so individuals (p.68). To maintain variability of the sample, subjects with diverse characteristics were included in the study (Refer sample section). Yet, researchers havent encountered any interdict case and they have also not described participant option criteria. The mode of con sume for the (subject) selection was through church, and by snowball. Following it purposive sampling for subject selection has been done and it is aligned with qualitative study design. Purposive sampling method provides opportunity for theoretical sampling. Theoretical sampling means selecting subjects who represent the important characteristics that researchers consider of interest to the study (Pidgeon Henwood, 1996) or intentionally adding of outliers case in the study (Barbour, 2001). However, sampling method for the setting has not been described and majority of interview took place at participants homes and observations at church.Research Design Ethnography study design has been used in the study. Study Design seems appropriate in regard to habit of study as it is looking at behavior modifications/ value geological fault in study participants and interpreting these modifications in relation to participants own culture. Webster mental lexicon define behavior as anything that an organism does involving action or the way in which something functions or operates. These behavioral (function) modifications have occurred in study participants because of the commove in their value system and individual learn values through their family/ society culture, socialization and through cognitive advancement. In nutshell, if we infrastand individual behavior, then we ultimately understand individual culture. Additionally, study is also set off intra- family and intra- community issue of power, resistance and dominance. However, I feel that questions that have been theorize are not according to study design. They are more providing judgement for phenomological research. Authors have describe participant characteristics and the context of study hence, study is transferable/ replicable (Konradsen, Kirkevold, Olson, 2013).Data Collection Interview, observations, field notes have used as a information collection strategy. Researcher have mentioned that the dat a collection methods are in accordance with ethnographic research (Baird Boyle, Method section, 2012, p. 16) however, havent rationale the use of selected method. Interview method of data collection seems appropriate in relation to study question as study aimed at understanding experience of resettlement of refugee women. However, if other method (artifacts) of ethnographic data collection has been added, then it would have further enriched the data (Creswell, 2007, p.120).Protection of man Rights Authors have taken permission from University institutional review board. It is mentioned in the article that the participants were approached through church congregation and by snow ball sampling technique. Therefore, it indicates that people might had come forward and participated voluntarily into it. Although the researchers havent overtly said informed consent was taken but they have mentioned that approval has been taken from the board, it implies that informed consent would have be en taken place. Study doesnt appear to be a case of deception. It is not mentioned in the article the time at which individual participant consent would have taken place but site agreement was obtained prior to review board approval. Since the sample size is small therefore, one can easily identify participant who is divorced or USA citizenship holder. Maximum benefit to participant has been maintained by researcher through participatory action research (PAR) project. Moreover, time provided for the study was compensated with money.Analysis Researchers have broadly explained method of data analysis which gives impression that editing style of data analysis have been used (Polit Beck, 2004). Nevertheless, they should have provided details of raw data so that theoretical connectedness of data to themes could have been evaluated (Burns and Grove, 2001). Method of data analysis fit with level of inquiry, but since middle range possible action of transition was used as a framework. Th erefore, they should have used deductive approach for content/ data analysis following editing style of data analysis. Authors have in-cooperated participant words to support themes but havent inco-operated field notes along with participants transcriptions. However, at few instances explanation provided under the themes titled standing on our own two legs and Hope for the approaching is not coherent with its title. For example, several of them identified role models on telecasting.woman (Baird Boyle, Finding section, 2012, p. 18).Rigor The data collection methods are reliable and verifiable as interpreter and audiotaped have been utilized. Moreover, time al office for interview was appropriate, longitudinal, with the time interval of 2-5 month apart. However, adequate details of the interview questions (structured/ unstructured) have not been provided. It has been mentioned in the article that reliability was established through consensual validation with an experienced qualit ative researcher. Moreover, validation of analysis is also done by study participants and primary interpreter. There is no notification of discrepant result in the article. Very scarcely researchers have present (etic) perspective in the article. Moreover, researchers havent shared their reflexivity in the article.Conclusion and recommendation only three themes that have emerged at the end of data analysis were discussed in finding section in relation to study questions. Conclusion that has been presented in the article is stated as refugee women as strong, resilient, and capable of being accountable for their own and health and well-being and this is justifiable to the findings of the study. The recommendation for nursing practice includes providing culturally competent interventions to promote health and well-being of refugee women and for future research studies authors have suggested to evaluate the phenomena in voluntary immigrants or undocumented workers. Recommendation for nursing practice is supported by the study results. I feel that transferability of the findings in Pakistani setting greatly depends on the geographical location because there is high inter and intra province variations in women status passim the country.Appendix ARetrieved from, http//www.adolescenciaesaude.com/imagebank/images/en_v9n3a04Appendix BRetrieved from http//jsn.sagepub.com/content/17/6/300/F1.large.jpg