Internet Information Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Internet Information - Essay Example This individual can select any type of content, from news, stock information, documents, applications, music and movies, among others. That is why a good number of Internet users believe that the Web should remain free and open information space equally accessible to all both retrieving and publishing information. However, as the Internet evolves, it is now increasingly being regulated by authorities because it started to hurt industries and publishers in the dissemination of the digitized products that they sell. The music, film and software industries were the hardest hit, for instance. The term Internet piracy was coined to describe the unauthorized use – sale, trade, lease, distribution, uploading for transmission, transmission or public performance of a copyrighted material. (Lieberman & Esgate 2002, p. 306) Copyright violations led a huge multi-pronged anti-piracy effort with intellectual property interests successfully lobbying governments to change laws to enhance protection and to shut down troublesome sites. Napster, a popular web application that features free file-sharing of digitized media, was forced to cease operations by these efforts. Unbridled freedom in the internet is dangerous. I underscore this due to the significance of the web technology which allows rapid and inexpensive duplication of information. Intellectual property has never been vulnerable. In Europe alone, software piracy cost businesses a whooping $3 billion due to illegal duplication and distribution. Untold number of businesses, employees, publishers, artists and writers are suffering economic losses because of this piracy. However, I have reservation whether controlling or regulating the information in the internet is the solution to the problem. This is of course besides the traditional intellectual property statutes across countries which might cover specific scenarios. I believe the answer lies

History of nursing development Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

History of nursing development - Case Study Example A major revolution in knowledge took place in 1950s when nurses started identifying and shaping necessary requirements for a separate knowledge body thanks to emergence, articulation and investigation of theories in nursing. Modern knowledge in nursing emphasizes research based on clinical questions, definition of concepts as well as variables, control of conditions and accurate instrumentation. According to (Thomas 1997) cited in Winters and Ballou, (2004), science can be defined broadly as â€Å"an intellectual process using all available mental and physical resources to better understand, explain, quantitate and predict normal as well as unusual natural phenomena.† This applied to nursing then it qualifies as a science and this way it is able to meet client requirements in biological, psychological and social terms. As a discipline, nursing utilizes both philosophical and scientific forms of inquiry; it combines social, empirical and applied elements of science and this because it concerns with both general and individual human experiences as well as the relationship between nurses and clients. It is therefore very important for nursing to stand out as an independent body of knowledge in science. Doctoral education in nursing will help prepare nursing scientists with better knowledge and skill to eradicate sources and impacts of scientific error in the field. Nurs es of today are not being cross trained with other fields, goals and research methods in nursing have become clearer. Therefore continuous support for extensive research at the level of PHD alongside peer review evaluation will effectively see the discipline do away with errors. In conclusion therefore the body of knowledge categorized as nursing has evolved over time and continues to improve for better service. It was initially viewed as subordinate with a lot of borrowed knowledge, later grow to formulate own theories and now is concerned with the whole human body hence

Theme and Narrative Elements in the Short Story Essay Example for Free

Theme and Narrative Elements in the Short Story Essay The short story of Little Red Riding Hood is a simple to understand child’s tale and clearly portrays the deceitfulness of appearance. The story is clearly organized with characters and symbols of innocence by a child and the sly dangers represented by a wolf. Throughout the story we see the characters build more of a persona of innocence and evil. It is stated by Cassady, M. (1991), â€Å"Symbolism plays a large part in Identity and Difference.† This is seen a lot and very clearly with the oblivious thoughts of Red Riding Hood and the singular objective of the wolf constantly reminded throughout the story. The characters add to the theme and the theme is portrayed though these characters. The theme of Little Red Riding Hood is made clearer and understanding in many ways. In the original short story there are clear references to what the clear idea is behind the theme. These are pointed out and recognized by asking simple questions even supported through the text. Clungston, R. (2010), â€Å"How does the writer use setting to narrow the underlying idea? How do characters make particular aspects of the underlying idea clear? How does conflict reveal the strength or worth of the underlying idea?† These are questions more clearly defined in this story than could be found in many others. The most clear and obvious would be the characters. The antagonist being represented as a mischievous and blood thirsty wolf gave a clear view on the danger posed against the young and innocent Little Red Riding Hood. The little fun loving child was also a character who added to the theme, making it clear there was an innocent victim. Along with the presence of the characters there is a clear instance of conflict making the theme clearer. In the short story there was a most noted and memorable moment when the wolf and Little Red Riding Hood reunited without Red Riding Hood knowing she was in the presence of the wolf. The famous lines in the story written by l’Oye (1697), â€Å"Grandmother, what big arms you have! All the better to hug you with, my dear. Grandmother, what big legs you have! All the better to run with, my child. Grandmother, what big ears you have! All the better to hear with, my child. Grandmother, what big eyes you have! All the better to see with, my child. Grandmother, what big teeth you have got! All the better to eat you up with.† Said and repeated, this became one of the most notorious childhood short stories to ever exist. This conflict showed the adolescence of the child and the trust she put into the wolf’s words. As these go on it becomes more obvious the appearance of Little Red Riding Hood’s grandmother become less resembling to how Little Red Riding Hood know her to appear. This is where â€Å"looks can be deceiving† seems to be most appropriately referenced. In the story of Little Red Riding Hood the child character had no knowledge of not talking to the stranger wolf, which led to her and her grandmother’s peril. . The story has the intertwining relations between the characters and their symbolism in the story. As the little child frolics and plays with butterflies and picks up nuts to enjoy the wolf tears through the woods to be sure not to lose out on his opportunity to feast. This is the image brought to the reader of the characters and heightened by the influences of the child being a child and the wolf being a wolf. Cassady, M. (1991) also states, â€Å"the characters are symbols as well as individuals† this explain our predicted image of the characters and the importance of why these two characters have to be who they are to make a clear statement in the story. Without the presence of these characters or the manifestation of the theme, neither would exist without the other to create the effect this story created. This is symbolism and character created strongest in the story of Little Red Riding Hood.

Properties of Carbon Dioxide Vapour

Properties of Carbon Dioxide Vapour Greenhouse gases in global warming The greenhouse effect is necessary for Earth to regulate its temperature. Water vapour (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) methane (CH4), nitrous dioxide (N2O) and ozone (O3) are some of the gases that contribute to it. These gases are molecules that are made up of more than 2 component atoms. They vibrate upon absorbing thermal infrared radiation and then re-radiate excess energy in all directions. As the Earths surface is now heated by both the emitted radiation and sunlight, temperature increases and thus causing the greenhouse effect. Common Greenhouse Gases Greenhouse Effect Greenhouse Gas Atmospheric Absorption Region on Electromagnetic ( µm) Water vapour (H2O) 95 7600 ppmv 0.8 -10 Carbon dioxide (CO2) 3.618 401 ppmv 2.6, 4, >13 Methane (CH4) 0.360 1780 ppbv 3.5 8 Nitrous oxide (N2O) 0.95 320 ppbv 5, 8 Ozone (O3) 0.072 28 ppbv 0.1-0.3, 9 As shown in the table above, water vapour (H2O) contributes the most to the greenhouse effectWhen temperature increases, air humidity increases as well which is positive water vapour feedback. This allows a higher concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere thus further enhancing the warming effect of other greenhouse gases. Carbon dioxide (CO2) contributes quite a fair amount to the greenhouse effect. Thanks to human activities like deforestation, land use changes and burning of fossil fuel, the atmospheric CO2 concentration has increased by about 120ppm since the Industrial Revolution began, which is more than a third. With an absorption region of 3.5-8 microns on the electromagnetic spectrum, methane (CH4) is way more active than carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas. Its greenhouse effect contribution is small due to its low atmospheric concentration. Being in a similar absorption spectrum as H2Oalso masks methanes contribution as work might have been done by H2O already. Nitrous oxide(N2O) is typically formed through production of nitric acid, combustion of fossil fuel, agriculture sector and burning of . Even though N2O has a low atmospheric concentration, it still contributes a decent amount to the greenhouse effect. This is because it is up to about 300 times stronger as a greenhouse gas than CO2. As ozone (O3) has various concentration at different parts of the atmosphere and has a short lifespan, it is hard to gauge the contribution of the troposphere ozone layer. Ozone generally does not affect much of the greenhouse effect anyway. Lewis Structures of CO and CO2 Carbon Monoxide a) Rotational Constant, B Taking largest B = 2.04 and smallest B = 1.51 , b) Bond Length, b Reduced mass of carbon monoxide: Since literature value for bond length, b = 113pm lies within the range of , and the uncertainty of calculated bond length value is insignificant compared to the calculated value itself, the calculated value can be said to be quite accurate. c) Vibrational Wavenumber, Distance of first through in P branch from 2050 cm-1= (5.45  ± 0.05) cm Distance of first through in R branch from 2050 cm-1= (5.72  ± 0.05) cm Taking smallest = 2135 and largest = 2143, d) Force Constant, k e) Molar Zero-Point Vibrational Energy, Carbon Dioxide Rotational Constant, Taking smallest = 0.302 cm-1 and largest = 0.46 cm-1, Since literature value for = 0.390 lies within the range of , and the uncertainty of calculated bond length value is insignificant compared to the calculated value itself, the calculated value can be said to be quite accurate. Vibrational Modes CO2 is a linear molecule with 3 atoms. Therefore, it has 3 translational modes, 2 rotational modes, and 3N-5 = 4 vibration modes: 1 symmetric stretch, 1 asymmetric stretch and 2 bending modes. The mode at 667 cm-1 is said to be twofold degenerate because the 2 bending motions are essentially the same, just deforming in different coordinate directions. Exclusion Rule: no modes can be both infrared and Raman active for a molecule with a centre of symmetry. CO2 has a centre of symmetry therefore relevant to the rule. For infrared spectroscopy, the 2 bending and the asymmetric stretching modes can be observed. This is because these modes induce a dipole change in their motions. For Raman spectroscopy, symmetric bending can be seen. This is because when the O atoms move away from the centre C atom in an equal distance, the electron density cloud changes with the change in size of molecule, thus causing a change in polarizability. Bond Length, b Force Constant, k Since literature value for lies within the range of (119.6 ±12.5)pm, and the uncertainty of calculated bond length value is insignificant compared to the calculated value itself, the calculated value can be said to be quite accurate. For symmetric stretch, k CO2 2. Heat Capacity Molar constant-volume heat capacity For CO2: Translational modes, : , Vibrational modes, : , Rotational mode, : Total internal energy, At very high temperatures, the theoretical maximum internal energy = as all modes are activated at that point. Max. constant-volume heat capacity, However, at low temperatures not all rotational and vibrational modes are active. Contributions of different modes at low temperatures: Rotational Modes Rotational temperature, Vibrational Modes Vibrational temperature, Symmetric stretch () : Bending modes () : Asymmetric stretch () : Graph of against T Convert molar constant-volume heat capacity to molar constant-pressure heat capacity with Ideal Gas Law: , (R = ideal gas constant) The graph for experimental and calculated data is the same until around T=1600K where the 2 lines diverge with the experimental data to be higher than calculated data. This shows that the Ideal Gas Law only applies to relatively low temperatures.      Ã‚   Kinetic Theory of Gases and Liquids Mean free path of CO2 Mean free path: average distance travelled by molecules between collisions Rate of collision , : Collision cross-section (area covered by a molecule and within which the presence if the centre of another molecule counts as a collision) Collisions happen at 90o angles on average, mean speed = à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   [8]. Viscosity of CO2 vapour Newtons Law of Viscosity: Newtons 2nd Law: Force = rate of change of momentum From plane at 0 from plane : mean flow velocity = à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   mean momentum of Roughly1/6th of the molecules move in the +z direction. Number of molecules entering 0 from per unit time = à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   rate of momentum = Rate of momentum entering 0 from = . By calculating the difference between the two rates, net rate of the momentum transported across the plane at 0, and by using , the viscosity, can be estimated. [8] (mean velocity), (path length) Viscosity is predicted to be proportional to the square root of temperature and independent of density. Liquefaction in a condenser [9] Modify the Ideal Gas Law to obtain Van der Waals Equation of State. References:[1] https://climate.nasa.gov/causes/ (accessed 14th March 2017] [2] Greenhouse Gas Absorption Spectrum (n.d.) available from:http://www.meteor.iastate.edu/gccourse/forcing/spectrum.html (accessed 14th March 2017) [3] Barrett Bellamy Climate Greenhouse Gas Concentrations (n.d.) available from: http://www.barrettbellamyclimate.com/page22.htm (accessed 15th March 2017) [4] Monte Hieb (2015) Water Vapor Rules the Greenhouse System. Available from: http://www.geocraft.com/WVFossils/greenhouse_data.html [5] Project Learn at http://www.ucar.edu/learn at the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) https://www.ucar.edu/learn/1_3_1.htm (accessed 15/3/2017) [6] Barrett Bellamy Climate Greenhouse Gas Spectra (n.d.) available from: http://www.barrettbellamyclimate.com/page15.htm (accessed 15/3/2017) [7] NIST Standard Reference Database 101 (September 2015) Listing of experimental data for CO2 (Carbon dioxide) Available from: http://cccbdb.nist.gov/exp2.asp?casno=124389 [Accessed 10 Mar 2016] [8] Dr Joao Cabral (n.d.) Properties of Matter Lecture Notes. Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London [9] Steve [2010] The Freezing Point and The Dew Point Part 2 available from: https://stevengoddard.wordpress.com/2010/09/05/the-freezing-point-and-the-dew%C2%A0point-part-2/

Essay --

  Barbie is a fashion doll manufactured by the American toy-company Mattel, Inc. and launched in March 1959. American businesswoman Ruth Handler is credited with the creation of the doll using a German doll called Bild Lilli as her inspiration. Barbie is the figurehead of a brand of Mattel dolls and accessories, including other family members and collectible dolls. Barbie has been an important part of the toy fashion doll market for over fifty years, and has been the subject of numerous controversies and lawsuits, often involving parody of the doll and her lifestyle. History Ruth Handler watched her daughter Barbara play with paper dolls, and noticed that she often enjoyed giving them adult roles. At the time, most children's toy dolls were representations of infants. Realizing that there could be a gap in the market, Handler suggested the idea of an adult-bodied doll to her husband Elliot, a co-founder of the Mattel toy company. He was unenthusiastic about the idea, as were Mattel's directors. During a trip to Europe in 1956 with her children Barbara and Kenneth, Ruth Handler came across a German toy doll called Bild Lilli. The adult-figured doll was exactly what Handler had in mind, so she purchased three of them. She gave one to her daughter and took the others back to Mattel. The Lilli doll was based on a popular character appearing in a comic strip drawn by Reinhard Beuthin for the newspaper Die Bild-Zeitung. Lilli was a blonde bombshell, a working girl who knew what she wanted and was not above using men to get it. The Lilli doll was first sold in Germany in 1955, and although it was initially sold to adults, it became popular with children who enjoyed dressing her up in outfits that were available separately. Upon her retu... ...and share "America's favorite cookie." As had become the custom, Mattel manufactured both a white and a black version. Critics argued that in the African American community, Oreo is a derogatory term meaning that the person is "black on the outside and white on the inside," like the chocolate sandwich cookie itself. The doll was unsuccessful and Mattel recalled the unsold stock, making it sought after by collectors. In May 1997, Mattel introduced Share a Smile Becky, a doll in a pink wheelchair. Kjersti Johnson, a 17-year-old high school student in Tacoma, Washington with cerebral palsy, pointed out that the doll would not fit into the elevator of Barbie's $100 Dream House. Mattel announced that it would redesign the house in the future to accommodate the doll. In March 2000 stories appeared in the media claiming that the hard vinyl used in vintage Barbie dolls could Essay --   Barbie is a fashion doll manufactured by the American toy-company Mattel, Inc. and launched in March 1959. American businesswoman Ruth Handler is credited with the creation of the doll using a German doll called Bild Lilli as her inspiration. Barbie is the figurehead of a brand of Mattel dolls and accessories, including other family members and collectible dolls. Barbie has been an important part of the toy fashion doll market for over fifty years, and has been the subject of numerous controversies and lawsuits, often involving parody of the doll and her lifestyle. History Ruth Handler watched her daughter Barbara play with paper dolls, and noticed that she often enjoyed giving them adult roles. At the time, most children's toy dolls were representations of infants. Realizing that there could be a gap in the market, Handler suggested the idea of an adult-bodied doll to her husband Elliot, a co-founder of the Mattel toy company. He was unenthusiastic about the idea, as were Mattel's directors. During a trip to Europe in 1956 with her children Barbara and Kenneth, Ruth Handler came across a German toy doll called Bild Lilli. The adult-figured doll was exactly what Handler had in mind, so she purchased three of them. She gave one to her daughter and took the others back to Mattel. The Lilli doll was based on a popular character appearing in a comic strip drawn by Reinhard Beuthin for the newspaper Die Bild-Zeitung. Lilli was a blonde bombshell, a working girl who knew what she wanted and was not above using men to get it. The Lilli doll was first sold in Germany in 1955, and although it was initially sold to adults, it became popular with children who enjoyed dressing her up in outfits that were available separately. Upon her retu... ...and share "America's favorite cookie." As had become the custom, Mattel manufactured both a white and a black version. Critics argued that in the African American community, Oreo is a derogatory term meaning that the person is "black on the outside and white on the inside," like the chocolate sandwich cookie itself. The doll was unsuccessful and Mattel recalled the unsold stock, making it sought after by collectors. In May 1997, Mattel introduced Share a Smile Becky, a doll in a pink wheelchair. Kjersti Johnson, a 17-year-old high school student in Tacoma, Washington with cerebral palsy, pointed out that the doll would not fit into the elevator of Barbie's $100 Dream House. Mattel announced that it would redesign the house in the future to accommodate the doll. In March 2000 stories appeared in the media claiming that the hard vinyl used in vintage Barbie dolls could

The Drinking Age Must not Be Lowered Essay -- Argumentative, Persuasiv

Lawmakers should not consider lowering the drinking age from twenty-one to eighteen. Despite the deep value this country places on freedom, personal liberties, and personal responsibilities, the data shows that public safety is greatly at risk if the drinking age were to be lowered to twenty-one. A variety of groups believe that the drinking age should be lowered to eighteen deeming that the twenty-one law is unconstitutional. On the opposing side, people agree that the law helps to protect our young people and the communities where they live. Before World War II, the age of majority in America was twenty-one. At this age, men entered into their full rights and obligations, such as the expectation to fight for their country, the freedom to vote, and the right to consume alcohol (Poe, 2). There was no confusion pertaining to what a man was allowed to do. Everything was consistent. When the draft age was lowered to eighteen during the Second World War, the nation went into frenzy. The American people did not think it was fair that at eighteen young men could be forced to go out and fight for their country, but were not permitted vote (Poe, 2). In their minds the only compromise that seemed fair was to give the men the ballot in return for their service to our country (Poe, 2). However, no one argued that men be given the right to drink, because of their service to our country. In fact, Senator Joshua Lee believed that soldiers under twenty-one years of age needed to be protected from drinking by their older fellow se rvice men (Poe, 2). Congress concluded that only the states could change their voting and drinking ages, but surprisingly, the states did not rush to do so (Poe,2). Eventually, the soldiers were demobilized,... ...y safety, and a deterrent for future goals. The only way to insure health and safety for all is to insist that lawmakers not lower the drinking age to eighteen and keep it at twenty-one. Works Cited Dean-Mooney, Laura. "A Lower Age Would Be Unsafe." U.S. News & World Report 15 Sept. 2008: 10. EBSCOhost. Web. 2 Oct. 2011. Engs, Ruth C.. " Why drinking age should be lowered: Dr. Ruth Engs ." Indiana University. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Oct. 2011. . Hanson, David J., and Ph.D.. "The National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984." WWW2 Webserver. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Oct. 2011. . Poe, Marshall. "The Drinking Game | Hoover Institution." Hoover Institution. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Sept. 2011. .

Blink †Malcom Gladwell Essay

Among the thought provoking topics Gladwell presents in Blink, I found slicing as one the most interesting. The idea that short snippets of information can potentially allow more accurate perceptions of people and situations than longer periods with in-depth study and exposure to information. The awareness of the unconscious realizations occurring much quicker and more accurately than cognitive thought, inspires additional pontificate on ways to cut through the noise that interferes with conscious thoughts. Additionally, his identification of potential noise spurs the mind to ignore the slices offer opportunities to understand potential causes for historical perceptions that have proven to be incorrect. While reading Gladwell’s elaboration on the various methods of slicing, several historical business decisions come to mind. Gladwell’s review of speed dating offers many similarities to my experiences interviewing candidates to fill vacant positions on various teams I ha ve managed. My process for interviewing candidates is a multistep process, where my first interview is normally no more than 30 minutes, containing about 15-20 minutes of my explaining the position being filled and the needs of the company. Gladwell specifically identified the purpose was not to determine if both speed dating parties want to establish a relationship together. The purpose was to decide if each person has enough interest in the other, to at least learn more about him/her. In the 10 minutes where I directly interview candidates for skills and competencies, I am simply deciding if I want to bring this person in to learn more detail about their skills and competencies. Gladwell also identifies that slicing is not always effective, due to noise received by the conscious self, sometimes allowing cognitive thought to challenge the unconscious perception. Although I take detailed notes on each candidate, there are many instances where, despite the notes and the observed mannerisms, my ‘gut’ suggested an opposite direction from the logical choice. In retrospect, I realize that during these initial interviews, as I put significant effort into evaluating skills and competencies as a whole. There was just too much data reviewed, instead of focussing on individual slices of data. In some cases my mind even justified the potential issues, offering undue credit to candidates because of their persuasive discussions and mannerisms, thereby continuing the hiring process with candidates that should not have made it past the first round. During one interview in particular, I was filling a position as Category Manager and my pool of candidates was somewhat limited. My company’s push to hire diversity candidates made the pool even shallower. After bringing candidates in for first round interviews, I decided to post the position online for a second time. The subsequent candidates were not significantly better than the first round. I could not identify a specific reason for my disinterest in the candidates, they just didn’t feel right. Most did not offer the typical image I associated with a successful category manager. As a favor to a colleague, I agreed to interview a wild card candidate for my vacancy. She had no experience with category management, but her career history showed steady progression and 3.8 GPA throughout her chemical Engineering major offered evidence of her intelligence. My colleague spoke very highly of her abilities and during the initial interview her image was consistent with high performing category managers I have known in the past. In reviewing my notes after the interview, I documented her lack of experien ce as being a key opportunity. Although my logical decision should have been to remove her from the list going forward, I followed my ‘gut’ and continued the interview process with her. As the process continued, she was eventually hired for the position on my team. I had somehow convinced myself that she could learn the trade and excel at it in a short period of time. Within a few months of hiring her, we both realized she wasn’t going to meet the requirements of the position and eventually, she went back to her previous company. I couldn’t help but wonder how she could have performed so well during the interview compared to the other candidates, but not be able to perform the duties of the actual job itself. After finishing Gladwell’s elaboration on priming, I gained better insights as to potential reasons why I hired the wrong person. Gladwell offered great examples of priming and how key words can impact an individual’s performance on tests. During the interview process, I normally discuss my educational and career history in an effort to reduce anxiety in candidates. I can’t help but wonder if during my discussions, I primed candidates, thereby pushing them to perform at anticipated levels based on my initial perception as they entered the first interview. Based on this theory, the words I chose during the interview process could have unintentionally encouraged one candidate and discouraged others. I find the concept of priming to be very thought provoking and it will definitely impact my speech at the beginning of each interview. Although Gladwell’s discussion regarding interpretations of slices of time proposes a more accurate perception is achieved by the unconscious mind well in advance of the conscious mind. Key points perceived during the initial moments could potentially shape my perception and thereby cause the subconscious to choose priming words to reinforce that perception. Being aware of this possibility is a key part of addressing it. From my experience illustrated above, focusing on neutral wording during future interviews will be a priority going forward.